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Land Transport Rule

Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2006

Rule 33001/1

Contents

Objective of the Rule

Extent of consultation

Part 1     Rule requirements

Section 1     Application

Section 2     Vehicle emissions standards

Section 3     Performance requirements

Section 4     Modification and repair

Section 5     Responsibilities

Part 2     Definitions and abbreviations

Objective of the Rule

Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2006 is part of a series of measures aimed at reducing air pollution resulting from vehicle emissions. It revises, and replaces, Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2003, which set out emission standards for vehicles entering the New Zealand fleet that are manufactured after 1989.

This Rule builds on the only existing legal provision controlling the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles operating on public roads. Clause 7.5 of Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 allows the Police to issue an infringement notice to a driver of a motor vehicle whose vehicle emits a continuous stream of smoke or vapour for 10 seconds or more (the so-called ‘10-second smoky vehicle rule’). The Rule complements this requirement by giving vehicle inspectors and inspecting organisations the authority to check vehicles for clearly visible smoke emissions at warrant of fitness and certificate of fitness inspections to identify vehicles that are emitters of gross pollutants.

It is known, from overseas testing regimes, that there is a strong correlation between vehicles emitting visible smoke and those with gross emissions of harmful pollutants. The principal aim of the Rule is to reduce the emissions of pollutants by requiring that a vehicle that fails the test must either be repaired so that it operates effectively or be removed from the fleet.

The vehicle emissions standards that were incorporated by reference (under section 165 of the Land Transport Act 1998) in Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2003 have largely been carried over into this Rule. However, in order to prevent problems with supply of new heavy diesel vehicles to the New Zealand market, the Rule contains provisions that amend the introduction dates for the emissions standard known as Euro 4 for heavy duty diesels (ie, vehicles weighing more than 3500 kg) from 1 January 2007 to 1 January 2008 for new-model vehicles and from 1 January 2008 to 1 January 2009 for existing-model vehicles. Euro 4 applies to new-model heavy-duty diesel vehicles manufactured on or after 1 January 2008, and to existing-model vehicles manufactured on or after 1 January 2009.

Because the introduction of Australian Design Rule 80/01, which is based on Euro 4, is also being adjusted, the introduction date for this standard has also been amended to mirror the dates for Euro 4.

The overall effect of this change is expected to be small, because less than 10% of New Zealand’s heavy diesel vehicles are imported directly from Europe. The vast majority (80%) are imported from Japan and can reasonably be expected to be recertified to the 02/04 Japanese standard and can continue to be imported in any case.

The Rule states who is responsible for ensuring compliance with its requirements: repairers, modifiers, and vehicle inspectors and inspecting organisations.

Consistency has been ensured with New Zealand’s international obligations relating to approval of vehicles under the 1958 and 1998 United Nations Agreements, to which this country acceded in 2002. The Rule is also consistent with the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement and incorporates Australian standards. Overseas best practice has been taken into account in the development of the Rule. Successful models for stationary vehicle smoke checks are in use in other countries, including the United Kingdom. The development of the visible smoke checking process for the New Zealand inspection environment has been based on existing models.

The Rule has been subjected to economic evaluation, and regulatory impact analyses have been carried out.

 

Extent of consultation

Public consultation on Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2006 began in January 2006 with the release by Land Transport New Zealand of the yellow (public consultation) draft. The draft Rule was made available to approximately 770 industry and other groups and individuals who had registered their interest in the Rule. The release of the yellow draft was advertised in metropolitan and regional daily newspapers, Te Karere National News and the New Zealand Gazette. The draft Rule and associated information material were made available on the Land Transport NZ Internet website. Copies of the yellow draft were also made available to overseas libraries and transport organisations.

Land Transport NZ received 104 submissions, which the Ministry of Transport summarised and analysed. The submissions were taken into account in preparing the final draft of the Rule for submission to Cabinet for noting, and to the Minister for Transport Safety for signature.

Part 1     Rule requirements

Section 1     Application

1.1     Title

This Rule is Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2006.

 

1.2     Scope of section 2

    Emissions requirements for vehicles entering service

1.2(1)     Section 2 applies to motor vehicles of Classes MA, MB, MC, MD1, MD2, MD3, MD4, ME, NA, NB and NC in Table A in Part 2.

1.2(2)     Section 2 does not apply to:

1.2(3)     Section 2 specifies requirements that:

 

1.3     Scope of section 3

    Emissions requirements for used vehicles entering service and vehicles in service

1.3(1)     Section 3 applies to:

1.3(2)     Section 3 specifies requirements:

 

1.4     Date when Rule comes into force

1.4(1)     This Rule revokes and replaces Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Exhaust Emissions 2003, which came into force on 1 January 2004.

1.4(2)     This Rule comes into force on 27 October 2006.

 

1.5     Application of Rule provisions

If there is a conflict between a provision of this Rule and a provision of Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002, the provision of Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002 applies.

 

Section 2     Vehicle emissions standards

2.1     Application of requirements

Despite 1.5 of this Rule and 1.4(1) of Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002, a motor vehicle must be manufactured in accordance with a version, as specified in 2.2(5), of an approved vehicle emissions standard in 2.2(1), 2.2(2) or 2.2(3) that is relevant to the class of the vehicle and the vehicle’s fuel type, to the extent that the standard applies to exhaust emissions.

 

2.2     Approved vehicle emissions standards

2.2(1)     The approved vehicle emissions standards for motor vehicles that operate on petrol are:

2.2(2)     The approved vehicle emissions standards for motor vehicles that operate on diesel are:

2.2(3)     The approved vehicle emissions standards for low volume vehicles are the applicable emission requirements, if any, in the Low Volume Vehicle Code.

Approved vehicle emissions standards include amendments to standards

2.2(4)     An approved vehicle emissions standard in 2.2(1), 2.2(2) or 2.2(3) includes all amendments to that standard, some of which may apply to classes of motor vehicle additional to those covered by the original standard.

Version of vehicle emissions standards

2.2(5)    A motor vehicle must be manufactured in accordance with the version of an approved vehicle emissions standard that is:

 

Table 2.1     Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for motor vehicles operated on petrol and presented for inspection in New Zealand for the first time

Date of manufacture Approved vehicle emissions standard
Vehicles that operate on petrol
Light Heavy
New model Existing model New model Existing model
On or after 1 January 2004
and before 1 January 2005		 ADR 79/00;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 No emissions
standard requirement		 No emissions
standard requirement		 No emissions
standard requirement
On or after 1 January 2005
and before 1 January 2006		 ADR 79/00;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 79/00;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 80/00;
US 96; or
Japan 98		 No emissions
standard requirement
On or after 1 January 2006
and before 1 January 2007		 ADR 79/01;
Euro 3;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 79/01;
Euro 3;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 80/01;
US 98P; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 80/00;
US 96; or
Japan 98
On or after 1 January 2007 ADR 79/01;
Euro 3;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 79/01;
Euro 3;
US 2001; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 80/01;
US 98P; or
Japan 00/02		 ADR 80/01;
US 98P; or
Japan 00/02

Table 2.2      Vehicle exhaust emissions requirements for motor vehicles operated on diesel and presented for inspection in New Zealand for the first time

Date of manufacture Approved vehicle emissions standard
Vehicles that operate on diesel
Light Heavy
New model Existing model New model Existing model
On or after 1 January 2004
and before 1 January 2005		 ADR 79/00 and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 02/04		 No emissions
standard requirement		 No emissions
standard requirement		 No emissions
standard requirement
On or after 1 January 2005
and before 1 January 2006		 ADR 79/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 79/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 98D; or
Japan 02/04		 No emissions
standard requirement
On or after 1 January 2006
and before
1 January 2007		 ADR 79/00 and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 79/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 2;
US 2001; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 98D; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 98D; or
Japan 02/04
On or after 1 January 2007
and before 1 January 2008		 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 98D; or
Japan 02/04
On or after 1 January 2008
and before 1 January 2009		 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/00
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 3;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04
On or after 1 January 2009 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 79/01
and
ADR 30/01
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04		 ADR 80/01
and
ADR 30/01;
Euro 4;
US 2004; or
Japan 02/04

Manufacture in accordance with vehicle emissions standards

2.2(6)     Despite 1.5 of this Rule and 1.4(1) of Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002, a motor vehicle must be manufactured in accordance with an approved vehicle emissions standard specified in this Rule, to the extent that the standard applies to exhaust emissions, unless:

2.2(7)     Without limiting the means of demonstrating compliance, a motor vehicle complies with this Rule if evidence of type approval or individual approval issued by a relevant authorised certification organisation, in accordance with the approved vehicle emissions standard confirming the vehicle’s eligibility for sale in a market where compliance with the Australian, European, Japanese or United States standards referred to in this Rule is compulsory, is produced to the vehicle inspector or inspecting organisation.

 

Section 3     Performance requirements

3.1     Performance requirements

3.1(1)     A motor vehicle to which 1.3(1) applies must not emit clearly visible smoke when the vehicle's engine is running at its normal operating temperature, under either of the following conditions:

3.1(2)     Subclause 3.1(1) does not apply if the driver of the vehicle produces documentation that proves that the engine is original equipment for the vehicle and the engine's design means the motor vehicle cannot reasonably comply.

3.1(3)     For the avoidance of doubt, smoke does not include water vapour.

 

Section 4     Modification and repair

4.1     Modification

A modification to a motor vehicle must not prevent the vehicle from complying with section 3.

4.2     Repair

A repair to a motor vehicle must not prevent the vehicle from complying with section 3.

 

Section 5     Responsibilities

5.1     Responsibilities of repairers

A person who repairs or adjusts a vehicle, or replaces an item of vehicle equipment, must ensure that the repair, adjustment or replacement does not prevent the motor vehicle from complying with section 3.

 

5.2     Responsibilities of modifiers

A person who modifies a motor vehicle must:

 

5.3     Responsibilities of vehicle inspectors and inspecting organisations

A vehicle inspector or inspecting organisation must not certify a motor vehicle under Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002 if they have reason to believe that the vehicle does not comply with this Rule.

 

Part 2     Definitions and abbreviations

ADR 30/01
is an abbreviation for Australian Design Rule 30/01, Diesel Engine Exhaust Smoke Emissions.
ADR 79/00
is an abbreviation for Australian Design Rule 79/00, Emission Control for Light Vehicles.
ADR 79/01
is an abbreviation for Australian Design Rule 79/01, Emission Control for Light Vehicles.
ADR 80/00
is an abbreviation for Australian Design Rule 80/00, Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles.
ADR 80/01
is an abbreviation for Australian Design Rule 80/01, Emission Control for Heavy Vehicles.
Approved vehicle emissions standard
means a vehicle emissions standard specified in 2.2(1), 2.2(2) or 2.2(3) and, to avoid doubt, is an approved vehicle standard under Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002.
Authority
means Land Transport New Zealand established by section 66 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
Diesel
means a refined petroleum distillate having a viscosity and distillation range that is intermediate between those of kerosene and light lubricating oil, whether or not it contains additives, and that is intended for use as fuel in internal combustion engines ignited by compression.
Director
means the Director of Land Transport appointed under section 186 of the Land Transport Act 1998.
Enter service
in relation to a vehicle, means to begin to be operated in service on the road in New Zealand for the first time in compliance with registration requirements of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986.
Euro 2
in relation to:
  • (a) a light or a heavy vehicle, is an abbreviation for:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 49 – uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (CI) and natural gas (NG) engines as well as positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and vehicles equipped with CI and NG engines and PI engines fuelled with LPG, with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the engine as amended by row A of Table 1 and/or 2 (as appropriate), in section 5.2.1 of the 03 series of amendments; or
    • (ii) UN/ECE Regulation No. 83, uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.1/Amend.4) incorporating all amendments up to and including the 04 series of amendments; or
    • (iii) Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles as amended by Council Directive 96/69/EC; or
    • (iv) Council Directive 88/77/EEC of 3 December 1987 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles, as amended by Council Directive 91/542/EEC as per the limit values in row A of Table 1 and, if applicable, row A of Table 2, in section 6.2.1;
  • (b) a diesel vehicle, also includes one of the following standards:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 24, uniform provisions concerning:
      • (i) the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants;
      • (ii) the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of C.I. engines of an approved type;
      • (iii) the approval of motor vehicles equipped with C.I. engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine;
      • (iv) the measurement of power of C.I. engine;
    • (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.23/Rev.2) incorporating the 03 series of amendments;
    • (ii) Council Directive 72/306/EEC of 2 August 1972 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles as amended by Council Directive 97/20/EC.
Euro 3
in relation to:
  • (a) a light or a heavy petrol vehicle, is an abbreviation for:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 83, uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.2) as amended by row A or B of the table to clause 5.3.1.4 of the 05 series of amendments; or
    • (ii) Council Directive 70/220/EEC as amended by Council Directive 98/69/EC as per the limit values in row A or B of the table to clause 5.3.1.4 of Annex I of 98/69/EC;
  • (b) a light or a heavy diesel vehicle, is an abbreviation for:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 49 – uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (CI) and natural gas (NG) engines as well as positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and vehicles equipped with CI and NG engines and PI engines fuelled with LPG, with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the engine (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.48/Rev.3/Amend.1) as amended by row A of Table 1 and/or 2 (as appropriate), in section 5.2.1 of the 03 series of amendments; or
    • (ii) Council Directive 88/77/EEC of 3 December 1987 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles, as amended by Council Directive 1999/96/EC as per the limit values in row A of Table 1 and, if applicable, row A of Table 2, in section 6.2.1;
  • (c) a diesel vehicle, also includes one of the following standards:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 24, uniform provisions concerning:
      • (i) the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants;
      • (ii) the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of C.I. engines of an approved type;
      • (iii) the approval of motor vehicles equipped with C.I. engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine;
      • (iv) the measurement of power of C.I. engine;
    • (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.23/Rev.2) incorporating the 03 series of amendments;
    • (ii) Council Directive 72/306/EEC of 2 August 1972 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles as amended by Council Directive 97/20/EC.
Euro 4
in relation to:
  • (a) a light or a heavy vehicle, is an abbreviation for:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 49 – uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (CI) and natural gas (NG) engines as well as positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and vehicles equipped with CI and NG engines and PI engines fuelled with LPG, with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the engine (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.48/Rev.3/Amend.1) as amended by row B1 of Table 1 and/or 2 (as appropriate), in section 5.2.1 of the 03 series of amendments; or
    • (ii) UN/ECE Regulation No. 83, uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/ Rev.1/Add.82/Rev.2) as amended by row B of the table to clause 5.3.1.4 of the 05 series of amendments; or
    • (iii) Council Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended by Council Directive 98/69/EC as per the limit values in row B of the table to clause 5.3.1.4 of Annex I of Directive 98/69/EC; or
    • (iv) Council Directive 88/77/EEC of 3 December 1987 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles, as amended by Council Directive 1999/96/EC as per the limit values in row B1 of Tables 1 and/or 2 (as applicable) in section 6.2.1; and
  • (b) includes one of the following standards:
    • (i) UN/ECE Regulation No. 24, uniform provisions concerning:
      • (i) the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants;
      • (ii) the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of C.I. engines of an approved type;
      • (iii) the approval of motor vehicles equipped with C.I. engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine;
      • (iv) the measurement of power of C.I. engine;
    • (E/ECE/324E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.23/Rev.2) incorporating the 03 series of amendments;
    • (ii) Council Directive 72/306/EEC of 2 August 1972 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles as amended by Council Directive 97/20/EC.
Existing-model vehicle
means a new vehicle that is not a new-model vehicle.
Heavy vehicle
means a vehicle that is either:
  • (a) of Class MD3, MD4, ME, NB, NC, TC or TD; or
  • (b) a vehicle (not of a class specified in Table A: Vehicle classes) with a gross vehicle mass that exceeds 3500 kg.
Individual approval
means a document confirming that a specified vehicle complies with an approved vehicle emissions standard.
Inspecting organisation
has the same meaning as in Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002.
Japan 98
means Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles, Article 31 – Emission Control Device, as revised by Japanese Ministry of Transport Ordinance 22 issued on 31 March 1997, as established by the relevant Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles test procedures, technical standards and circulars; or the Mean Value Standards for Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions, Circular of Chigi No. 129 of April 4, 1985, as amended by Circulars of Chigi No. 56 of April 2, 1986, Chigi No. 9 of January 23, 1987, Chigi No. 108 of May 29, 1989, Chigi No. 161 of June 28, 1991, Jikan No. 344 of December 17, 1993 and Jikan No.102 of April 11, 1997.
Japan 00/02
means Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles, Article 31 – Emission Control Device, as revised by Japanese Ministry of Transport Ordinance 65 issued on 30 September 1998, as established by the relevant Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles test procedures, technical standards and circulars.
Japan 02/04
means Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles, Article 31 – Emission Control Device, as revised by Japanese Ministry of Transport Ordinance 31 issued on 5 September 2000, as established by the relevant Japan Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles test procedures, technical standards and circulars.
Light vehicle
means a vehicle except one defined as a ‘heavy vehicle’.
Low volume vehicle
means a motor vehicle of a class in Table A: Vehicle classes, other than Class MD3, MD4, ME, NB, NC, TC or TD, that is:
  • (a) manufactured, assembled or scratch-built in quantities of 200 or less at any one location in any one year, by a manufacturer whose total production of motor vehicles does not exceed 200 units over the same period, and where the construction of the vehicle directly or indirectly affects compliance of the vehicle with any of the vehicle standards prescribed by New Zealand law; or
  • (b) modified uniquely, or in quantities of 200 or less at any one location in any one year, in such a way as to affect the compliance of the vehicle, its structure, systems, components, and equipment, with a legal requirement relating to safety performance applicable at the time of the modification.
Low volume vehicle code
means the code of the Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association Incorporated.
Motor vehicle
has the same meaning as it has in section 2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998.
New
in relation to a vehicle, means a vehicle that:
  • (a) has not been registered and operated in New Zealand or any other country; and
  • (b) has not been operated on a road in New Zealand or any other country as a demonstration or courtesy vehicle; and
  • (c) has not been used for training or testing purposes; and
  • (d) is not a scratch-built vehicle that contains components that have been fitted to a vehicle that has been operated on the road in New Zealand or in any other country.
New-model vehicle
means a new motor vehicle that has a date of manufacture occurring in the same calendar year as that in which the particular model of the vehicle was first manufactured.
Original equipment
means equipment that is fitted by the vehicle manufacturer when the vehicle is manufactured; or equipment that is approved by the vehicle manufacturer for use in a specific vehicle type for a specific purpose.
Petrol
means a refined petroleum distillate, normally boiling within the limits of 30°C to 220°C, whether or not it contains additives, that is intended for use as a fuel in spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
Phase-in date
means the date specified in an approved vehicle emissions standard from which a model, or model variant, of a vehicle must comply with that vehicle emissions standard or part of that vehicle emissions standard.
Scratch-built vehicle
means a motor vehicle that is either:
  • (a) assembled from previously unrelated components and construction materials that have not been predominantly sourced from donors of a single make or model and that, in its completed form, never previously existed as a mass-produced vehicle, although the external appearance may resemble or replicate an existing vehicle; or
  • (b) a modified production vehicle that contains less than the following components from a mass-produced vehicle of a single make and model:
    • (i) 40% of the chassis rails and 50% of the crossmembers, or alternatively, 40% of a spaceframe, or 40% of the floorpan of a unitary constructed body, whichever is appropriate; or
    • (ii) for light vehicles, 40% of the bodywork (based on the surface area of body panels but not including the floorpan, internal bracing, subpanels, bulkheads or firewall).
Type approval
means a document confirming that a specified vehicle model, model variant, or component complies with an approved vehicle emissions standard or with the Low Volume Vehicle Code.
UN/ECE
is an abbreviation for a regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
US 96
means:
  • (a) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.096-10 Emission standards for 1996 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (b) Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations in force in California on 31 December 1996.
US 98D
means:
  • (a) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.098-11 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (b) Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations in force in California on 31 December 1998.
US 98P
means:
  • (a) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.098-10 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (b) Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations in force in California on 31 December 1998.
US 2001
means:
  • (a) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.1811-01 Emission standards for light-duty vehicles; Subpart 86.1812-01 Emission standards for light-duty trucks 1; Subpart 86.1813-01 Emission standards for light-duty trucks 2; Subpart 86.1814-01 Emission standards for light-duty trucks 3; Subpart 86.1815-01 Emission standards for light-duty trucks 4, in each case as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (b) Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations in force in California on 31 December 2001.
US 2004
means:
  • (a) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.1811-04 Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (b) Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86, Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines – Subpart 86.004-11 Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles as established by the relevant Federal Regulation 40 CFR Part 86 certification and test procedures; or
  • (c) Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations in force in California on 31 December 2004.
Used vehicle
means a vehicle, including a vehicle that has been used for the purpose of demonstration in connection with the sale of a similar vehicle, that has, at any time before being offered or displayed for sale:
  • (a) been registered under:
    • (i) the Transport Act 1962; or
    • (ii) the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986; or
    • (iii) any corresponding legislation in any other country; or
  • (b) been used for a purpose not connected with its manufacture or sale.
Vehicle
has the same meaning as it has in section 2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998.
Vehicle inspector
has the same meaning as it has in Land Transport Rule: Vehicle Standards Compliance 2002.
Vehicle standard
means a technical specification with which a motor vehicle, its structure, systems, components or equipment must comply, and which is adopted by:
  • (a) the New Zealand Standards Council; or
  • (b) any international, national or regional organisation with functions similar to the New Zealand Standards Council.
Vehicle that operates on diesel
means a motor vehicle that is designed to use diesel as its primary fuel type in order to operate (regardless of whether the motor vehicle has an alternative fuel type).
Vehicle that operates on petrol
means a motor vehicle that is designed to use petrol as its primary fuel type in order to operate (regardless of whether the motor vehicle has an alternative fuel type).

Table A     Vehicle classes

Class Description
AA (Pedal cycle) A vehicle designed to be propelled through a mechanism solely by human power.
AB (Power-assisted pedal cycle) A pedal cycle to which is attached one or more auxiliary propulsion motors having a combined maximum power output not exceeding 200 watts.
LA (Moped with two wheels) A motor vehicle (other than a power-assisted pedal cycle) that:
  • (a) has two wheels; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has an engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 ml and a maximum speed not exceeding 50 km/h; or
    • (ii) has a power source other than a piston engine and a maximum speed not exceeding 50 km/h.
LB (Moped with three wheels) A motor vehicle (other than a power-assisted pedal cycle) that:
  • (a) has three wheels; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has an engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 ml and a maximum speed not exceeding 50 km/h; or
    • (ii) has a power source other than a piston engine and a maximum speed not exceeding 50 km/h.
LB 1 A Class LB motor vehicle that has one wheel at the front and two wheels at the rear.
LB 2 A Class LB motor vehicle that has two wheels at the front and one wheel at the rear.
LC (Motor cycle) A motor vehicle that:
  • (a) has two wheels; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has an engine cylinder capacity exceeding 50 ml; or
    • (ii) has a maximum speed exceeding 50 km/h.
LD (Motor cycle and side-car) A motor vehicle that:
  • (a) has three wheels asymmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median axis; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has an engine cylinder capacity exceeding 50 ml; or
    • (ii) has a maximum speed exceeding 50 km/h.
Side-car A car, box, or other receptacle attached to the side of a motor cycle and supported by a wheel.
LE (Motor tri-cycle) A motor vehicle that:
  • (a) has three wheels symmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median axis; and
  • (b) has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding one tonne; and
  • (c) either:
    • (i) has an engine cylinder capacity exceeding 50 ml; or
    • (ii) has a maximum speed exceeding 50 km/h.
LE 1 A Class LE motor vehicle that has one wheel at the front and two wheels at the rear.
LE 2 A Class LE motor vehicle that has two wheels at the front and one wheel at the rear.
Passenger vehicle A motor vehicle that:
  • (a) is constructed primarily for the carriage of passengers; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has at least four wheels; or
    • (ii) has three wheels and a gross vehicle mass exceeding one tonne.
MA (Passenger car) A passenger vehicle (other than a Class MB or Class MC vehicle) that has not more than nine seating positions (including the driver’s seating position).
MB (Forward control passenger vehicle) A passenger vehicle (other than a Class MC vehicle):
  • (a) that has not more than nine seating positions (including the driver’s seating position); and
  • (b) in which the centre of the steering wheel is in the forward quarter of the vehicle’s total length.
MC (Off-road passenger vehicle) A passenger vehicle, designed with special features for off-road operation, that has not more than nine seating positions (including the driver’s seating position), and that:
  • (a) has four-wheel drive; and
  • (b) has at least four of the following characteristics when the vehicle is unladen on a level surface and the front wheels are parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal centre-line and the tyres are inflated to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended pressure:
    • (i) an approach angle of not less than 28 degrees;
    • (ii) a breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees;
    • (iii) a departure angle of not less than 20 degrees;
    • (iv) a running clearance of not less than 200 mm;
    • (v) a front-axle clearance, rear-axle clearance, or suspension clearance of not less than 175 mm.
Omnibus A passenger vehicle that has more than nine seating positions (including the driver’s seating position). An omnibus comprising two or more non-separable but articulated units shall be considered as a single vehicle.
MD (Light omnibus) An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 5 tonnes.
MD 1 An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes and not more than 12 seats.
MD 2 An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes and more than 12 seats.
MD 3 An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 4.5 tonnes.
MD 4 An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 4.5 tonnes but not exceeding 5 tonnes.
ME (Heavy omnibus) An omnibus that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 5 tonnes.
Goods vehicle A motor vehicle that:
  • (a) is constructed primarily for the carriage of goods; and
  • (b) either:
    • (i) has at least four wheels; or
    • (ii) has three wheels and a gross vehicle mass exceeding one tonne.
For the purpose of this description:
  • (a) a vehicle that is constructed for both the carriage of goods and passengers shall be considered primarily for the carriage of goods if the number of seating positions multiplied by 68 kg is less than 50% of the difference between the gross vehicle mass and the unladen mass;
  • (b) the equipment and installations carried on special purpose vehicles not designed for the carriage of passengers shall be considered to be goods;
  • (c) a goods vehicle that has two or more non-separable but articulated units shall be considered to be a single vehicle.
NA (Light goods vehicle) A goods vehicle that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes.
NB (Medium goods vehicle) A goods vehicle that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 12 tonnes.
NC (Heavy goods vehicle) A goods vehicle that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 12 tonnes.
Trailer A vehicle without motive power that is constructed for the purpose of being drawn behind a motor vehicle.
TA (Very light trailer) A single-axled trailer that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 0.75 tonnes.
TB (Light trailer) A trailer (other than a Class TA trailer) that has a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes.
TC (Medium trailer) A trailer that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 10 tonnes.
TD (Heavy trailer) A trailer that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 10 tonnes.

 

Land Transport Rule - Vehicle Exhaust Emissions - Rule 33001/1
Land Transport New Zealand, Ikiiki Whenua Aotearoa