Part 13: Parking control

Last updated: December 2007. This document ceases to be a controlled document when printed. Please refer to the current version at www.landtransport.govt.nz

6  Linear parking

6.2   Markings

Markings are an important part of parking control and can be the required mechanism for defining a restriction or help reinforce a restriction imposed by a sign. In addition, marking can provide guidance on how parking spaces are to be used.

6.2.1  General

The legal requirements for the installation of markings and their dimensions are included within the TCD Rule.

The types of materials (and their tolerances) used for roadway markings should be used in accordance with Transit’s TNZ M/20: 2003 Specification for long-life roadmarking materials and TNZ M/7:2006 Specification for roadmarking paint. Other materials may be used where sufficient evidence of the performance of the markings has been provided.

No Stopping

If marked, No Stopping restrictions must be marked by a broken yellow line, not less than 0.1 m wide. The broken line must have strips not longer than 1 m and gaps not longer than 2 m (see figure 6.2). The markings must be located no further than 1 m away from the adjacent kerb. Where shorter lengths of No Stopping markings are used (eg less than 30 m), then shorter gap lengths of 1 m may be used. Where longer lengths of No Stopping markings are used (eg greater than 30 m), then the maximum of 2 m gap length may be used.

Figure 6.2 No Stopping markings

No Stopping lines do not prevent vehicles from being parked to the left of the markings where there is no kerb, eg on a verge. However, a No Stopping sign relates to the full width of the road reserve and prohibits vehicles from being parked on a verge to the left of the roadway (see figure 6.3).

Figure 6.3 Stopping beyond the roadway

Parallel parking

Parallel parking is the most common form of on-road parking. The marking of permitted parking should be based upon the demand for parking envisaged, as indicated below.

Demand for parking	Types of parallel marking
Low	May be marked by a white edge line a distance 2–2.5 m from the kerb
Moderate	May be marked with the inverted ‘L’ or hockey stick markings and dashed white lines (see figures 6.4 and 6.5)
High	Individual parking spaces should be marked with either inverted ‘L’ or ‘T’; if additional delineation is required, edge lines should be considered – refer to figure 6.6

Examples of parallel parking layouts are included below.

Figure 6.4 Moderate demand for parking (shoulder > 3 m)

Drivers are not permitted to obstruct a driveway. Specifically they may not stop, stand or park at or within 1 m of a driveway (Road User Rule). This requirement can be reinforced by either providing No Stopping lines across the driveway or preferably by showing the extent of parking, as shown in figure 6.5. Where No Stopping markings have been installed, the RCA should include reference to them in their bylaw and they must if the No Stopping restriction extends beyond 1 m from the driveway.

Figure 6.5 Moderate demand for parking (shoulder 2.3–3.5 m)

Figure 6.6 High demand for parking

 

Angle parking

Parking can be provided with a range of angles, most commonly 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° to the kerb or edgeline.

Unless the surface makes it impracticable to do so, angle parking spaces must be indicated by parallel lines applied to the road surface and must be marked in white paint (TCD Clause 12.7)

Angle parking should be avoided on arterial high-speed routes where disruption to through-flow traffic should be kept to a minimum. (See section 5 for comments.) Additional measures such as kerb build-outs may be used to protect parked vehicles and allow drivers leaving intervening driveways or intersections to gain visibility past angle-parked vehicles protected from through vehicles.

Figure 6.7 Angle parking with parking meters adjacent to each parking bay

Reserved parking areas

Reserved vehicle parking areas are those that restrict their use to a certain class of vehicle or user, such as taxis, buses, motorcycles, cycles and disabled parking. Specific requirements for space dimensions can be found in section 5.

Road marking must be used only in conjunction with regulatory signs outlined in this section.

Appropriate letters or symbols taken from the TCD Rule may be marked to identify parking spaces for a specified vehicle class or road user within reserved parking areas.

Taxi stands

Where the road surface is suitable, taxi stands should be marked on the section of road an RCA has authorised to be reserved for a taxi stand.

Taxi stand markings must be used in conjunction with signs P3-3.1 to 3-3.4 and must be marked in yellow paint. Additional ‘TAXI STAND’ words may be used if required, depending on the length of the reserved area.

Figure 6.8 Marked taxi stand

Bus and coach stops

Where the road surface is suitable, bus stops should be marked on the section of road an RCA has authorised to be reserved for a bus stop. They can be either kerbside or indented bays. Bus stop bays must be marked if they extend more than 6 m on either side of a single Bus Stop sign. Bus bay lengths are generally 12 m for dingle unit and 19 m for articulated buses or coaches. Sufficient space should be allocated to the bus stop to allow a bus to pull into the kerb and out again from the space. A typical 12 m bus will require a 8 m lead-in to the stop and 5 m to pull out if parking or other restrictions are in place at either end of the bus stop.

Bus stop markings must be marked in yellow and be used in conjunction with those signs denoted in section 6.1. Additional ‘BUS STOP’ words may be used if required, depending on the length of the reserved area.

As illustrated in figure 6.9, when a marked bus stop is greater than 12 m, two signs must be provided at either end. If the site is equal to or less than 12 m, a single sign in the middle is sufficient.

Figure 6.9 Marked bus stop

Bus boarders (where kerbs are extended so that the bus stops within the traffic lane rather than pulling into a bay) are used where buses face difficulties and delays trying to merge back into the traffic flow. Markings and signage are similar to those used at conventional bus stops.

Loading zone

Where the road surface is suitable, loading zones should be marked on the section of road that an RCA has authorised to be reserved for such purposes.

When parallel to the kerb or roadway edge, loading zones when marked, as with other reserved parking areas, must be indicated by the provision of:

• continuous yellow lines at right angles to the kerb/road edge at each end
• broken or continuous yellow lines parallel to, and between 2 m and 3 m from, the roadway edge.

When marked at an angle to the kerb or roadway edge, a loading zone must be indicated by continuous yellow lines on either side of the loading zone at the appropriate angle to the kerb or road edge.

Loading zone markings must be used in conjunction with signs noted in section 6.1.

Motorcycle

Where the road surface is suitable, motorcycle parking areas should be marked on the section of road an RCA has authorised to be reserve for motorcycles. Motorcycle parking areas must be used in conjunction with signs P4-2.1 to P4-2.4 (see section 6.1) and must be marked in yellow paint.

Figure 6.10 Motorcycle parking

Parking for disabled

Where the road surface is suitable, parking areas for the disabled should be marked on the section of road an RCA has authorised to be reserved for vehicles displaying disabled parking permits.

Parking areas for disabled must be used in conjunction with signs noted in section 6.1 and must be marked in yellow paint (see figure 6.11).

Figure 6.11 Parking for disabled

References to disabled parking requirements (such as the appropriate legislation, provision of facilities, reference to layouts and design, etc) can be found in section 4.3.

Further examples of road markings are shown in figures 6.12 and 6.13.

Figure 6.12 Taxi stand with adjacent parallel parking

Figure 6.13 Marked bus stop within marked cycle lane

Note that specific details relating to cycle lanes should be referenced from the New Zealand Supplement to the Austroads Guide to traffic engineering, Part 14: Bicycles.

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